Contents

Chapter 1: Landsat Collections

This chapter provides an overview of the Landsat collections and relevant quality information necessary for using the imagery.

Landsat platform.

Landsat processing tiers.

Landsat 8

Landsat 8 collection.

Surface Reflectance (SR)

  • USGS Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Tier 1

  • USGS Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Tier 2

Top of Atmosphere (TOA)

  • USGS Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 TOA Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 and Real-Time data TOA Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 2 TOA Reflectance

Raw Images

  • USGS Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 and Real-Time data Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

Derived Datasets

  • Burned Area Index (BAI)

  • Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

  • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

  • Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT)

  • Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI)

  • Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)

Specifications and Quality

Section 6 of the Landsat 8 Collection 1 (C1) Land Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) product guide provides information related to the SR specifications as well to the data quality measurements.

Surface Reflectance Specifications

Table 1 Surface Reflectance Specifications

Band Designation

Band Name

Data Type

Units

Range

Valid Range

Fill Value

Saturate Value

Scale Factor

ProductID_sr_band1

Band 1

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band2

Band 2

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band3

Band 3

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band4

Band 4

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band5

Band 5

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band6

Band 6

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band7

Band 7

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_pixel_qa

Level 2 Quality Band

16-Bit Unsigned Integer

Bit Index

0 - 32768

0 - 32768

1 (Bit 0)

NA

NA

ProductID_sr_aerosol

Aerosol QA

8-Bit Unsigned Integer

Bit Index

0 - 255

0 - 255

NA

NA

NA

ProductID_radsat_qa

Radiometric Saturation QA

16-Bit Unsigned Integer

Bit Index

0 - 32768

0 - 32768

1 (Bit 0)

NA

NA

ProductID_MTL.txt

Level 1 Metadata File

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

ProductID_ANG.txt

Level 1 Angle Coefficient File

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Pixel Quality Assessment (QA) Band

Table 2 Landsat 8 Pixel Quality Assessment Bit Index

Bit

Bit Value

Cumulative Sum

Attribute

0

1

1

Fill

1

2

3

Clear

2

4

7

Water

3

8

15

Cloud Shadow

4

16

31

Snow

5

32

63

Cloud

6-7

64 / 128

127 / 255

Cloud Confidence
00 (0) = None
01 (1) = Low
10 (2) = Medium
11 (3) = High

8-9

256 / 512

511 / 1023

Cirrus Confidence
00 (0) = Not Set
01 (1) = Low from OLI Band 9 Reflectance
10 (2) = Medium from OLI Band 9 Reflectance (Not Used)
11 (3) = High from OLI Band 9 Reflectance

10

1024

2047

Terrain Occlusion

11

2048

4095

Unused

12

4096

8191

Unused

13

8192

16383

Unused

14

16384

32767

Unused

15

32768

655535

Unused
Table 3 Landsat 8 Pixel Quality Assessment Values

Attribute

Pixel Value

Fill

1

Clear

322, 386, 834, 898, 1346

Water

324, 388, 836, 900, 1348

Cloud Shadow

328, 392, 840, 904, 1350

Snow/Ice

336, 368, 400, 432, 848, 880, 912, 944, 1352

Cloud

352, 368, 416, 432, 480, 864, 880, 928, 944, 992

Low Confidence Cloud

322, 324, 328, 336, 352, 368, 834, 836, 840, 848, 864, 880

Medium Confidence Cloud

386, 388, 392, 400, 416, 432, 898, 900, 904, 928, 944

High Confidence Cloud

480, 992

Low Confidence Cirrus

322, 324, 328, 336, 352, 368, 386, 388, 392, 400, 416, 432, 480

High Confidence Cirrus

834, 836, 840, 848, 864, 880,898,900, 904, 912, 928, 944, 992

Terrain Occlusion

1346, 1348, 1350, 135

Radiometric Saturation QA Band

Table 4 Landsat 8 Radiometric Saturation Quality Assessment Bit Index

Bit

Bit Value

Cumulative Sum

Description

0

1

1

Data Fill Flag (0 valid data, 1 invalid data)

1

2

3

Band 1 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

2

4

7

Band 2 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

3

8

15

Band 3 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

4

16

31

Band 4 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

5

32

63

Band 5 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

6

64

127

Band 6 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

7

128

255

Band 7 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

8

NA

NA

Not Used

9

512

1023

Band 9 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

10

1024

2047

Band 10 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

11

2048

4095

Band 11 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

Surface Reflectance Aerosol Band

Table 5 Landsat 8 Internal Surface Reflectance Aerosol Quality Assessment Bit Index

Bit

Bit Value

Cumulative Sum

Attribute

0

1

1

Fill

1

2

3

Valid Aerosol Retrieval (center pixel of 3x3 pixel window)

2

4

7

Water Pixel (or water pixel was used in the fill-the-window interpolation)

3

8

15

Cloud or Cirrus

4

16

31

Cloud Shadow

5

32

63

Non-center window pixel for which aerosol was interpolated from surrounding 3x3 window center pixels

6-7

64 / 128

127 / 255

Aerosol Level
00 (0) = Climatology
01 (1) = Low
10 (2) = Medium
11 (3) = High
Table 6 Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Aerosol Values

Attribute

Pixel Value

Fill

1

Valid Aerosol Retrieval (center pixel of 3x3 window)

2,66, 130, 194

Water Pixel (or water pixel was used in the fill-the-window interpolation)

4, 68, 100, 132, 164, 196, 228

Cloud or Cirrus

8, 72, 136, 200

Cloud Shadow

16, 80, 144, 208

Non-center window pixel for which aerosol was interpolated from surrounding 3x3 center pixels

32, 96, 100, 160, 164, 224, 228

Low-level aerosol

66, 68, 72, 80, 96, 100

Medium-level aerosol

130, 132, 136, 144, 160, 164

High-level aerosol

194, 196, 200, 208, 224, 228

Landsat 7

Landsat 7 collection.

Surface Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 7 Surface Reflectance Tier 1

  • USGS Landsat 7 Surface Reflectance Tier 2

Top of Atmosphere (TOA)

  • USGS Landsat 7 Collection 1 Tier 1 TOA Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 7 Collection 1 Tier 1 and Real-Time data TOA Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 7 Collection 1 Tier 2 TOA Reflectance

Raw Images

  • USGS Landsat 7 Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 7 Collection 1 Tier 1 and Real-Time data Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 7 Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

Derived Datasets

  • Burned Area Index (BAI)

  • Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

  • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

  • Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT)

  • Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI)

  • Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)

Specifications and Quality

Section 5 of the Landsat 4-7 Collection 1 (C1) Surface Reflectance Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) product guide provides information related to the SR specifications as well to the data quality measurements.

Surface Reflectance Specifications

Table 7 Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Specifications

Band Designation

Band Name

Data Type

Units

Range

Valid Range

Fill Value

Saturate Value

Scale Factor

ProductID_sr_band1

Band 1

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band2

Band 2

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band3

Band 3

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band4

Band 4

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band5

Band 5

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band6

Band 6

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_band7

Band 7

16-Bit Signed Integer

Reflectance

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

20000

0.0001

ProductID_sr_atmos_opacity

Atmospheric Opacity

16-Bit Signed Integer

Unitless

-2000 - 16000

0 - 10000

-9999

NA

0.0010

ProductID_pixel_qa

Level 2 Quality Band

16-Bit Unsigned Integer

Bit Index

0 - 32768

0 - 32768

1 (Bit 0)

NA

NA

ProductID_radsat_qa

Radiometric Saturation QA

16-Bit Unsigned Integer

Bit Index

0 - 32768

0 - 32768

1 (Bit 0)

NA

NA

ProductID_sr_cloud_qa

Surface Reflectance Cloud QA

8-Bit Unsigned Integer

Bit Index

0 - 255

0 - 63

NA

NA

NA

ProductID_MTL.txt

Level 1 Metadata File

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

ProductID_ANG.txt

Level 1 Angle Coefficient File

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Surface Reflectance Cloud Quality Assessment Band

Table 8 Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Cloud Quality Assessment Bit Index

Bit

Attribute

0

Dark Dense Vegetation (DDV)

1

Cloud

2

Cloud Shadow

3

Adjacent to Cloud

4

Snow

5

Water

6

Unused

7

Unused
Table 9 Landsat 4-7 Surface Reflectance Cloud Quality Assessment Values

Attribute

Pixel Value

DDV

1, 9

Cloud

2, 34

Cloud Shadow

4, 12, 20, 36, 52

Adjacent to Cloud

8, 12, 24, 40, 56

Snow

16, 20, 24, 48, 52, 56

Water

32, 34, 36, 40, 48, 52, 56

Pixel Quality Assessment Band

Table 10 Landsat 4-7 Pixel Quality Assessment Bit Index

Bit

Bit Value

Cumulative Sum

Attribute

0

1

1

Fill

1

2

3

Clear

2

4

7

Water

3

8

15

Cloud Shadow

4

16

31

Snow

5

32

63

Cloud

6-7

64 / 128

127 / 255

Cloud Confidence
00 (0) = None
01 (1) = Low
10 (2) = Medium
11 (3) = High

8

256

511

Unused

9

512

1023

Unused

10

1024

2047

Unused

11

2048

4095

Unused

12

4096

8191

Unused

13

8192

16383

Unused

14

16384

32767

Unused

15

32768

65535

Unused
Table 11 Landsat 4-7 Pixel Quality Assessment Values

Attribute

Pixel Value

Fill

1

Clear

66, 130

Water

68, 132

Cloud Shadow

72, 136

Snow/Ice

80, 112, 144, 176

Cloud

96, 112, 160, 176, 224

Low Confidence Cloud

66, 68, 72, 80, 96, 112

Medium Confidence Cloud

130, 132, 136, 144, 160, 176

High Confidence Cloud

224

Radiometric Saturation Quality Assessment Band

Table 12 Landsat 4-7 Radiometric Saturation Quality Assessment Bit Index

Bit

Bit Value

Cumulative Sum

Description

0

1

1

Data Fill Flag (0 valid data, 1 invalid data)

1

2

3

Band 1 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

2

4

7

Band 2 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

3

8

15

Band 3 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

4

16

31

Band 4 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

5

32

63

Band 5 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

6

64

127

Band 6 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

7

128

255

Band 7 Data Saturation Flag (0 valid data, 1 saturated data)

8

NA

NA

Not Used

Landsat 5

Landsat 5 collection.

Surface Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 5 Surface Reflectance Tier 1

  • USGS Landsat 5 Surface Reflectance Tier 2

Top of Atmosphere (TOA)

  • USGS Landsat 5 TM Collection 1 Tier 1 TOA Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 5 TM Collection 1 Tier 2 TOA Reflectance

Raw Images

  • USGS Landsat 5 TM Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 5 TM Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 5 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 5 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

Derived Datasets

  • Burned Area Index (BAI)

  • Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

  • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

  • Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT)

  • Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI)

  • Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)

Landsat 4

Landsat 4 collection.

Surface Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 4 Surface Reflectance Tier 1

  • USGS Landsat 4 Surface Reflectance Tier 2

Top of Atmosphere (TOA)

  • USGS Landsat 4 TM Collection 1 Tier 1 TOA Reflectance

  • USGS Landsat 4 TM Collection 1 Tier 2 TOA Reflectance

Raw Images

  • USGS Landsat 4 TM Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 4 TM Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 4 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 4 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

Derived Datasets

  • Burned Area Index (BAI)

  • Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

  • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

  • Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT)

  • Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI)

  • Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)

Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) 1-5

MSS collections.

Raw Images

  • USGS Landsat 1 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 1 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 2 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 2 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 3 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 3 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 4 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 4 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 5 MSS Collection 1 Tier 1 Raw Scenes

  • USGS Landsat 5 MSS Collection 1 Tier 2 Raw Scenes

Introduction Chapter 2: Sentinel Collections